Chingiz Ajtmatov Kratkaya Biografiya Na Kirgizskom Yazike

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Alternative Title: Chingiz Aitmatov Chingiz Aytmatov, Aytmatov also spelled Aitmatov, (born December 12, 1928, Sheker,, [now in Kyrgyzstan]—died June 10, 2008,, Germany), author, translator, journalist, and diplomat, best known as a major figure in. Aytmatov’s father was a Communist Party official executed during the great purges directed by Soviet leader in the late 1930s. Aytmatov’s literary career started in 1952, and in 1959 he began writing for as the newspaper’s correspondent in Kirgiziya. He achieved major recognition with the collection of short stories Povesti gor i stepey (1963; Tales of the Mountains and Steppes), for which he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1963. Although Aytmatov composed in both Russian and Kyrgyz, many of his works, which are predominantly long short stories and novellas, were originally written in the latter language. Major themes in these works are love and friendship, the trials and heroism of wartime, and the emancipation of Kyrgyz youth from restrictive custom and tradition. Among Aytmatov’s most important works are Trudnaya pereprava (1956; “A Difficult Passage”), Litsom k litsu (1957; “Face to Face”), Jamila (1958; Eng.

Jamilia), Pervy uchitel (1967; “The First Teacher”), Proshchay, Gulsary! (1967; Farewell, Gulsary!), and Bely parokhod (1970; The White Ship, also published as The White Steamship ). Subsequent novels, written originally in Russian, include I dolshe veka dlitsya den (1981; The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years), which blends Central Asian folklore traditions with, as well as Plakha (1986; The Place of the Skull) and Tavro Kassandry (1995; “The Mark of Cassandra”). He also cowrote, with Kaltai Mukhamedzhanov, Voskhozhdenie na Fudziyamu (first performed 1973; The Ascent of Mount Fuji), a considered provocative during the Soviet era for its examination of the themes of authority and dissent. Many of Aytmatov’s stories appear in English translation in Piebald Dog Running Along the Shore, and Other Stories (1989) and Mother Earth, and Other Stories (1989).

Aytmatov, Chingiz Chingiz Aytmatov, 2003. Bubamara Aytmatov was made a member of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. In 1967 he became a member of the Executive Board of the, and he was awarded the Soviet State Prize for in 1968, 1977, and 1983. He served as an adviser to Soviet President and as the Soviet ambassador to Luxembourg.

From the 1990s Aytmatov was the Kyrgyz ambassador to the and several European countries. He also served as a member of parliament in Kyrgyzstan. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Corrections Manager.

Plant protection plays important role in agricultural production system. Quality and quantity of crop might be enhanced by means of controlling diseases sufficiently. One of the management used against diseases is the chemical control. But chemical control gives rise to many problems such as human and environment hazards, and pathogen resistance. The increasing interest in biological control of plant diseases has expanded in recent years because of increasing these problems. Biological control of plant diseases, in its widest sense, is means of controlling disease or reducing the amount and the effect of pathogens by biological mechanisms or organisms other than man. One way of methods which were used for success is the direct application of antagonists to plant and soil environment.

Mode and time of application of biocontrol agents are the most important factors affecting success in biological control. Antagonists are applied to soil as a drench, colonisation of natural and synthetic substrates, and to plant as a spraying on the parts of above ground, application on the infection point and wounds. These application methods were dealt with in detail in this review.